The
Political and Social Reconstruction of the World in 19th century.
Author, Athar Mudasir (mcom)
The Political and Social
Reconstruction of the Modern World is
based on historical and empirical plan, conceived with deception and
conspiracy, which do not permit us to enter into the facts which are
complicated and acrimonious disputes and centre of the problem; The capitalism,
the imperialism , the Nationalism and the treaties, and particularly of the treaty
of Versailles, which concluded the Great War. We shall comprehend that conflict
which asserted to be most terrible and enormous as it was, ended at nothing,
began with nothing and settled nothing. It killed millions of people; it wasted
vast material and natural resources and impoverished the world. It ruined many
nations especially Russia. It was at best an acute and frightful reminder that the
modern world we were and are living was based on foolish and confused doctrines
and ideas, without much plan or foresight in a dangerous, self centered and unsympathetic
universe.
The conflicts and defeats of
the war, The Germans, Austrians, Turks and Bulgarians were permitted no share
in its deliberations; they were only to accept the decisions as dictated to
them. From the point of view of human welfare the choice of the place of meeting
was particularly unfortunate. It was at Versailles in 1871 that, with every
circumstance of triumphant vulgarity, the new German Empire had been
proclaimed. The suggestion of a melodramatic reversal of that scene, in the
same Hall of Mirrors, was overpowering once again. The leaders and populations
of the victorious countries were acutely aware of their own losses and
sufferings, and entirely regardless and ignoring of the fact that the defeated had
also paid in the like manner. The war had arisen as a natural and inevitable
consequence of the competitive nationalisms of Europe and the absence of any
Federal adjustment of these competitive forces; war is the necessary logical
consummation of independent sovereign nationalities living in too small an area
with too powerful an armament; and if the great war had not come in the form it
did it would have come in some similar form-just as it will certainly return
upon a still more disastrous scale in twenty or thirty years' time if no
political unification anticipates and prevents it. States organized for war
will make wars as surely as hens will lay eggs, but the feeling of these
distressed and war-worn countries disregarded this fact, and the whole of the
defeated peoples were treated as morally and materially responsible for all the
damage, as they would no doubt have treated the victor peoples had the issue of
war been different. The French and English thought the Germans were to blame,
the Germans thought the Russians, French and English were to blame, and only an
intelligent minority thought that there was anything to blame in the
fragmentary political constitution of Europe. The treaty of Versailles was
intended to be exemplary and vindictive; it provided tremendous penalties for
the vanquished; it sought to provide compensations for the wounded and suffering
victors by imposing enormous debts upon nations already bankrupt, and its
attempts to reconstitute international relations by the establishment of a
League of Nations against war were manifestly insincere and inadequate.
