The Political and Social Reconstruction of the World in 19th century.

The Political and Social Reconstruction of the World in 19^th century.

Author, Athar Mudasir (mcom)

The Political and Social Reconstruction of the Modern  World is based on historical and empirical plan, conceived with deception and conspiracy, which do not permit us to enter into the facts which are complicated and acrimonious disputes and centre of the problem; The capitalism, the imperialism , the Nationalism and  the treaties, and particularly of the treaty of Versailles, which concluded the Great War. We shall comprehend that conflict which asserted to be most terrible and enormous as it was, ended at nothing, began with nothing and settled nothing. It killed millions of people; it wasted vast material and natural resources and impoverished the world. It ruined many nations especially Russia. It was at best an acute and frightful reminder that the modern world we were and are living was based on foolish and confused doctrines and ideas, without much plan or foresight in a dangerous, self centered and unsympathetic universe.

The conflicts and defeats of the war, The Germans, Austrians, Turks and Bulgarians were permitted no share in its deliberations; they were only to accept the decisions as dictated to them. From the point of view of human welfare the choice of the place of meeting was particularly unfortunate. It was at Versailles in 1871 that, with every circumstance of triumphant vulgarity, the new German Empire had been proclaimed. The suggestion of a melodramatic reversal of that scene, in the same Hall of Mirrors, was overpowering once again. The leaders and populations of the victorious countries were acutely aware of their own losses and sufferings, and entirely regardless and ignoring of the fact that the defeated had also paid in the like manner. The war had arisen as a natural and inevitable consequence of the competitive nationalisms of Europe and the absence of any Federal adjustment of these competitive forces; war is the necessary logical consummation of independent sovereign nationalities living in too small an area with too powerful an armament; and if the great war had not come in the form it did it would have come in some similar form-just as it will certainly return upon a still more disastrous scale in twenty or thirty years' time if no political unification anticipates and prevents it. States organized for war will make wars as surely as hens will lay eggs, but the feeling of these distressed and war-worn countries disregarded this fact, and the whole of the defeated peoples were treated as morally and materially responsible for all the damage, as they would no doubt have treated the victor peoples had the issue of war been different. The French and English thought the Germans were to blame, the Germans thought the Russians, French and English were to blame, and only an intelligent minority thought that there was anything to blame in the fragmentary political constitution of Europe. The treaty of Versailles was intended to be exemplary and vindictive; it provided tremendous penalties for the vanquished; it sought to provide compensations for the wounded and suffering victors by imposing enormous debts upon nations already bankrupt, and its attempts to reconstitute international relations by the establishment of a League of Nations against war were manifestly insincere and inadequate.